Month: October 2026

The phrase “5-of-9 multisig” is doing a lot of work in bridge discussions. It sounds like a Gnosis Safe: nine signers, five signatures, each signer inspects calldata in a wallet UI and clicks confirm. That mental model is wrong for most...

The Fiat-Shamir transform is the standard method for turning an interactive public-coin proof into a non-interactive one. It replaces the verifier’s random challenge with the output of a hash function evaluated over a transcript. The security of the resulting proof depends...